How to Help a Friend

with

Eating and Body Image Issues

At any given time, 10 to 35 percent of college students - the majority female - engage in behaviors such as restricting food, binging, vomiting, over-exercising or obsessing about body image. For many of them, such behaviors are due to concerns about how they look; some use these behaviors to cope with difficult feelings or circumstances in their lives. Obsessing about food, diet, and body image can take over a person's life, restrict activities, and harm health. Despite these negative conseqences, focusing on food and body image may offer a zone of safety and control as well as a sense of meaningful direction, making it difficult to let go of the behaviors.

What Are the Patterns of Disordered Eating and Distorted Body Image?

• Disordered Eating
  Eating and exercise behaviors that interfere with leading a healthy and fulfilling life.
  They may not be life-threatening, yet they may cause suffereing and require intervention.
  
• Eating Disorders
  Dangerous patterns of disordered eating. The three most common are:
  
  
  • Anorexia: Restrictive eating or purging (vomiting, over-exercising, using laxatives) that causes a person to be underweight. This is accompanied by intense concern about weight and/or appearance.
  • Bulimia: Binging (eating a large quantity of food) and purging (vomiting, over-exercising, using laxatives) that does not result in the person being overweight.
  • Binge Eating Disorder: Binge eating without the use of purging. People with this disorder are often overweight.

• Body Image Disorders
  Body dysmorphic disorder primarily affects men. Those with the disorder are obsessed with making the body
  more muscular and trying to fix perceived flaws that others don't see.
  
  
  All of the disorders described above can cause serious long-term harm to the body and can be life threatening. Anorexia
  has the highest death rate of all mental illnesses. Many people assume that individuals don't die from bulimia, but this
  is a myth. Records indicate that less than a year after developing bulimia people have been known to have heart attacks
  or stomach ruptures resulting in their death. People with eating disorders may have the attitude, "this won't happen
  to me" - but it can.

  
  What Are the Signs of Disordered Eating?

• Eating alone or refusing to eat with others
• Skipping meals
• Eating a limited quantity of food, fasting, or avoiding specific foods (restricting)
• Constant talk about being fat, over-concern about appearance
• Rapid weight loss
• Over-exercise
• Extreme guilt about eating
• Constantly checking in mirrors
• Isolating from friends for a long time after eating

How You Can Help Someone You Know

• Learn about eating disorders. If you are worried that a friend may be struggling with an eating disorder, the
  first step is to educate yourself about the causes and symptoms. Helpful resources are books, websites, and
  designated staff on campus (listed below). The more you know, the more confidently you can speak with your
  friend.
• Express your concerns in a non-judgmental way.
  When you do speak to your friend, it's important to express yourself in a caring way. You should be firm and
  honest about what you see and what your concerns are, but don't patronize them or criticize them, especially when
  they express disagreement or denial. Some tips:
  • Use "I" statements such as "I see you doing . . ." or "When you do this, I feel . . ."
  • Give examples of situations that concern you. Stick with what you see and feel.
  • Use words that express that you are worried and concerned.
  • Don't diagnose them as having an eating disorder or treat them as if they have an illness.
• Be prepared for defensiveness. Your friend may get very angry with you. Since the eating disorder may be an
  important coping mechanism, he/she may feel threatened that you are trying to take it away. Know that your
  friend's physical and emotional health, even life, could be at stake; you are doing the right thing. Be prepared,
  though, for your friend to distance him/herself after you discuss your concerns.
• Know your limits. Many people with eating disorders say that when their friends take on too much of a
  care-giving role (act like a counselor, an expert, or a parent), they become frustrated and resentful
  and just become more sescretive with their behaviors. It is helpful to take an active role in getting
  your friend help and information such as medical care, counseling, nutritional counseling, and, in some
  cases, parental involvement. It is not helpful, however, to try to control their behavior by taking
  charge or monitoring their behavior. Instead, ask your friend how you can help.
• Consider notifying someone. If you feel your friend is engaging in unhealthy behavior and not seeking
  help, you may have to decide whether to notify Residential Life staff or your friend's parents.
  You may want to speak with a counselor for support in making your decision. Your friend may be
  angry with you, but it is better to lose a friendship than to lose a friend to an eating disorder.
• Give them space. Once your friend is in treatment, don't force him/her to talk about his or her
  eating disorder, emotional issues, or treatment. Do offer to listen, however, if he or she wants
  to talk.

  How You Can Support Positive Eating Habits and Body Image

• Help create an atmostphere of acceptance and appreciation for different body types and sizes in your peer group. When
  speaking about yourself or others, focus on character, not appearance. Avoid making negative comments about your own
  body or others'. Avoid comparing people in terms of appearance and weight.
• Compliment your friends on what you like about who they are as people.

• Actively challenge cultural beliefs and assumptions about body image. Support organizations and magazines that promote
  people's accomplishments outside the realm of appearance. Don't support magazines and groups that publish unhealthy
  images of men and women, or treat women and men simply as bodies.

• Educate yourself and your friends about the negative consequences of dieting and restricting food intake. Restricting
  food is one of the main precipitants of disordered eating and has been proven to be a major cause of binging, and
  even weight gain. Healthy eating stabilizes weight and appetite.

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  Helpful References and Websites

  • www.edap.org - National Eating Disorders Association
  • National Eating Disorders Association's information and referral line (1-800-931-2237)
  • www.bulimia.com - Website for gurze books, a resource for information about eating disorders
  • www.budining.com - Click on the "eating well" section for information about eating healthy and nutrition
  • The Beginner's Guide to Eating Disorders Recovery, by Nancy Kolodny, LCSW - Good introduction to eating disorders, with a section about how to help a friend
  • Food and Mood, by Elizabeth Somer, MA RD - Helpful tool to educate yourself about healthy eating
  • The Adonis Complex, the Secret Crisis of Male Body Obsession, by Harrison Pope Jr., MD, Katherine Phillips, MD and Roberto Olivardia, Ph.D.
  • The Sports Nutrition Guidebook, 3rd Edition, by Nancy Clark - healthy eating for physically active people
  • Body Wars: Making Peace with Women's Bodies, by Margo Maine - Guide for helping women overcome the self-hatred and body dissatisfaction that lead to disordered eating.
    

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  This brochure is presented by the Eating Awareness Committee, a University-wide committee whose written mission is to help
  students maintain healthful and balanced eating habits in order to sustain their academic and personal development throughout
  their college years and beyond. The committee offers educational programs, consultations, and referrals to treatment services
  for students and staff on campus. Funding for this brochure came from the Division of Student Affairs.
  For more information about how you can help a student with eating and body image issues, contact:

  University health Service: 607-777-2221
  
  
  University Counseling Center: 607-777-2772
  Randi Scheiner, Ph.D., Staff Psychologist
  
  
  Nutrition Services
  Alexa Schmidt, Registered Dietitian: 607-777-2716
  
  
  Health, Physical Education and Athletics Department
  Kimberly King, Assistant Athletic Director, Life Skils and Counseling: 607-777-4593
  Sarah Thompson, Instructor/Lecturer: 607-777-6553
  Jennifer Wegmann, Instructor/Lecturer: 607-777-2821
  
  
  Campus Recreational Services
  Cindy Cowden, Associate Director: 607-777-3125
  Jennifer Hunter, Assistant Director: 607-777-6599